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char description returns the character whose number code is defined in the parameter example char(number) clean description removes the non printable characters from the given text, represented by number 0 to 31 of the 7 bit ascii code example clean(text) concatenate description joins arguments into a single string example concatenate (text1, text2, ) dollar description converts a number to text, using a currency format example dollar (number, decimal places) left description returns the first character or characters in a text string, based on the number of characters you specify example left(text, num chars) len description returns the length of a string example len(text) lower description converts all characters in the specified text string to lowercase characters in the string that are not letters, are not changed example lower(text) mid description returns a text segment of a character string example mid(text, start position, num chars) right description returns the last character or characters in a text string, based on the number of characters you specify example right(text, num chars) substitute description substitutes new text for old text in a text string use substitute when you want to replace specific text in a text string use replace when you want to replace any text that occurs in a specific location in a text string example substitute(text, old text, new text, instance num) text description returns a formatted string example text(value, format text) trim description returns a text value with the leading and trailing spaces removed example trim( text ) upper description converts all characters in a text string to uppercase example upper( text ) value description returns a number from a string example value(range)